The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a great challenge in orthopaedics. Tissue engineering holds a good promise for regeneration of OCD. In the light of tissue engineering, it is critical to establish an appropriate animal model to evaluate the degradability, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host bone/cartilage tissues for OCD repair in vivo. Currently, model animals that are commonly deployed to create osteochondral lesions range from rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats, and sheep horses to nonhuman primates. It is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model in terms of the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the common animal models of OCD for testing biomaterials and to discuss their applications in translational research. In addition, we have reviewed surgical protocols for establishing OCD models and biomaterials that promote osteochondral regeneration. https://www.selleckchem.com/ For small animals, the non-load-bearing region such as the groove of femoral condyle is commonly chosen for testing degradation, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host tissues. For large animals, closer to clinical application, the load-bearing region (medial femoral condyle) is chosen for testing the durability and healing outcome of biomaterials. This review provides an important reference for selecting a suitable animal model for the development of new strategies for osteochondral regeneration. Copyright © 2020 Xiangbo Meng et al.Citrus waste includes peels, pulp and membrane residue and seeds, constituting approximately 40-60% of the whole fruit. This amount exceeds ~110-120 million tons annually worldwide. Recent investigations have been focused on developing newer techniques to explore various applications of the chemicals obtained from the citrus wastes. The organic acids obtained from citrus waste can be utilized in developing biodegradable polymers and functional materials for food processing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The peel microstructures have been investigated to create bio-inspired materials. The peel residue can be processed to produce fibers and fabrics, 3D printed materials, carbon nanodots for bio-imaging, energy storage materials and nanostructured materials for various applications so as to leave no waste at all. The article reviews recent advances in scientific investigations to produce valuable products from citrus wastes and possibilities of innovating future materials and promote zero remaining waste for a cleaner environment for future generation. © 2020 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Cairo University.Background Malnutrition is one of the main underlying risk factors for the deaths due to different diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with underweight and overweight among adults residing in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2017. The data collection procedures and 3,368 calculated sample size were based on the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance guideline. Using the surveillance data of Arba Minch HDSS, simple random sampling technique was implemented to identify individuals for the study. To assess the presence of association, the multinomial logistic regression model was used. Results The mean (SD) body mass index of the participants was 21.5 4.90?kg/m2. From 3,346 participants, 23.3% of the study participants were affected by malnutrition (10.8% and 12.5% were overweight and underweight, respectively). ied as important determinates of under- and overweight. Copyright © 2020 Befikadu Tariku Gutema et al.Purpose Comprehensive study of autonomic regulation assessed during follow-up could provide new detailed information about the risks stratification for hypertensive patients. Therefore, we investigated the associations of these indices with death, stroke, and revascularization during the follow-up observation of 55 patients. Methods All patients were with target organ damage, and 27 of them had associated clinical conditions (ACC). Mean age of patients with and without ACC was 62.6?±?4.2 and 51.9?±?9.9 (mean?±?SD) years, respectively. Follow-up was from 66 to 95 months. At entry, autonomic regulation was assessed by the tilt test, Valsalva maneuver, hand-grip test, and cold-stress vasoconstriction. Hemodynamic parameters were measured by continuous blood pressure monitoring, occlusion plethysmography, and electrocardiography. Re-examination of patients was carried out by questioning and physical and laboratory examination. Results We found that fatal outcomes were associated with a lower Valsalva index (1.34?±?0.16 vs. 1.69?±?0.37, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%, P less then 0.05) and depressed cold vasoconstriction (0.20?±?0.02 vs. 0.39?±?0.16%. Conclusions This study shows that such autonomic regulation indices as Valsalva index, blood pressure dynamics in the tilt test, cold-stress vasomotor reactivity, and BPV are important for prognosis of hypertension course. Copyright © 2019 Oleg V. Mamontov et al.Background Fibrosis is a highly dynamic process caused by prolonged injury, deregulation of the normal processes of wound healing, and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. During fibrosis process, multiple genes interact with environmental factors. Over recent decades, tons of fibrosis-related genes have been identified to shed light on the particular clinical manifestations of this complex process. However, the genetics information about fibrosis is dispersed in lots of extensive literature. Methods We extracted data from literature abstracts in PubMed by text mining, and manually curated the literature and identified the evidence sentences. Results We presented FibroAtlas, which included 1,439 well-annotated fibrosis-associated genes. FibroAtlas 1.0 is the first attempt to build a nonredundant and comprehensive catalog of fibrosis-related genes with supporting evidence derived from curated published literature and allows us to have an overview of human fibrosis-related genes. Copyright © 2019 Jinying Liu et al.